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File consists of a recording of Annie Baker. Topics of the conversation include Queen's women's residence houses, forerunners to residences proper; subject as housemother (responsible to warden) at Macdonnell House, population of 15 students. Residence restrictions; closeness of residence staff to students neighbourly attitude no longer felt among students since university expansion. Comparative poverty of students then: basic wardrobe of a few skirts, pairs of shoes; absence of radios. Close tabs kept on students. University as a sexual meeting ground, possible source of exciting marriages. Independence of present day students, friendly dependency of earlier residents. 'Fanatic' religious group on campus (1960s) led by Donald Wilson. Dramatic, dangerous orientation pranks, since reduced to level of simple fun. Protected farm life during Depression years. Work at Alcan during WWII ; hiring of women by the thousand during labour shortage, placement according to weight; happy integration of male and female workers. Postwar lay-off of female workers; rehiring priority accorded to single female workers. Varying degrees of education achieved by siblings, according to whether or not they were wanted on the farm; subject's sole educational regret that she is not bilingual. Assumption of part-time work at Queen's as children reached school age; co-ordination of family and work schedules. Opinion that degree of Depression poverty depended on individual drive; social problem of laziness then, high job expectations now. Arrival in Kingston (1941). Canadian sense of security during WWII; dutiful feeling of subject's enlisted acquaintances. Veteran loan benefits. Obloquy attached to conscientious objection; lingering resentment of French Canadian war resistance. Red Cross volunteer-work, knitting of mittens with special hand-openings. 'Do without' upbringing of subject's generation, dependence on luxuries of youth today; difficulty of return to more basic existence (e.g. fuel economy); harm done by credit card economy. Experience as housewife, neighbour; childcare co-operation among neighbourhood mothers; dangers inherent in women's coffee-party syndrome. Rising standard of living in 1940s, 1950s, current economic inflation; expectation of sudden economic 'crash'. Church attendance, concern that children should be given religious instruction; religion as an out­moded social need given today's money, leisure, mobility. Inability of working mothers to transmit basic home-making skills to younger generation; 'craft hunger' of today's young, desire to regain skills of foremothers. Stimulation of return to work (1960), enjoyed as an opportunity for decision-making. Satisfaction with working life; value of experience as cleaning lady in contributing to sense of fair play as supervisor. Replacement of residence houses in 1960s development of Victoria Hall womens' residence, hectic conditions of fall opening. Residence custom of student visits with parents in 'Parents' Room'; gradual relaxation of restrictions in response to student protest. Problems of student uppitiness with cleaning staff, usually resolved by time, discussion. Change in woman's educational aims from marriage-goal to career-motivation. Sad phenomenon of divorces in 1950s caused by educated male's spurning of ignorant woman who dropped education to put him through college. Easy attitude to equal career opportunities for women. Feeling that marriages thrive on variety (lawyers shouldn't marry lawyers). Kingston city expansion; city resentment of rural workers taking additional work in factories; agitation by university dependents against admission of industry to Kingston. Sizeable Kingston boardinghouse business lost to university residences. Dedication required of farming candidates, now lacking; loss of family farms through children's preference for spendable money, freedom, rather than committed time, invested riches. Female night-duty residence desk staff. Change in motivation for attending university from brilliant dedication to mere necessity to fill in time. Change in pattern of university attendance: former custom of obtaining university credits after attending Faculty of Education, by attending summer school (thus requiring decades of work to obtain degree); current receipt of teacher training after BA degree, hence dwindling status of summer school. Teachers' current disillusionment with teaching, discipline problems, problems with uncooperative parents; sharp contrast with subject's upbringing 'to mind the teacher and do as we were told.'

File consists of a recording of Clara Brooke. Topics of the conversation include TAPE ONE Queen's University Principal's residence (Summerhill) seen through eyes of child visitor (early 1900s): Scottish Victorian atmosphere under Principal Gordon. Wilhelmina Gordon as sociable bluestocking, good sportswoman; dual responsibility as university lecturer in English, house chatelaine for widowed father. Prominence of Theological College in university affairs. Grandfather (Very Rev. Malcolm Macgillivray) as Queen's graduate, Minister of Chalmers Church, Kingston (1893-1927); position as Moderator of Presbyterian Church of Canada (1915), service to ecumenical movement (United Church of Canada); assistance to Principal Grant during Queen's great fundraising drive. Bursaries awarded to student nominees of contributors to Principal Grant's fund drive. Teenage acquaintance with Principal Bruce Taylor's family, 'a rowdy, zestful, humorous lot': female children's accomplishments, later ambitious careers (law, dietetics, music); Mrs. Taylor's mental illness, death; importation from Scotland of Principal's sister as indomitable mistress of Summerhill. Enrolment at Queen's; concentration on social life, theatricals, to detriment of studies; determination (against father's wishes) to transfer standing to McGill, finish degree in dietetics; interim year at Queen's achieving science course prerequisites. Father as Queen's grad, Kingston lawyer, police magistrate, member of Queen's Dominion Championship football team. Founding of Kingston Juvenile Court by women founders of Ban Righ women's residence (Mrs. Harry Lavell, Anne Campbell Macgillivray, Marion Redden, Mrs. Arthur Clark). Sunday social routine of Queen's students (after-church dinner at manse or professors' houses); enlightening nature of home visits (e.g. for rural students), contrast with today's restaurant socializing. Summer 'loafing', sporting habits of women students; Taylor family as excellent sailors, daughter's high-diving accomplishments. Utilization of Queen's buildings for WWI military purposes. Superior, aggressive stance of WWI veteran freshmen: science men's 'great fights', 'a tough lot'. 'Thés dansants' social entertainments ('the only French word we ever used'); student theatrical revues, dramatic excellence of Prof. Hicks' wife. Degree course in dietetics at Macdonaid College (McGill Univ.); physics instruction in practical applied science (changing fuses); stimulation of ambitious fellow-students, revealed meaning of true studying. Boarding-school attendance in Toronto during WWI. Summer tour of Great Britain, western Europe: sociable third-­class voyage by ship, impression of lonely first-class travellers' envy. Male students' summer employment on oceanfaring cattleboats. Employment as dietician in Presbyterian Hospital, New York; complicated individual menu calculations for diabetic patients (abhorrent sense of forcefeeding) during period of American assimilation of Canadian discoveries in insulin research. joyous experience of New York: International Students' House conviviality, Greenwich Village arts and crafts quarter. Employment as first Dietician, Queen's Student Memorial Union; special table (steak diet) for football players, catering services for campus dinners, use of radiators (Grant Hall) as warming platters. Happy participation in Queen's Faculty Players, typecasting as company 'ingenue'. //Artistic beauty of Summerhill home during Principal Fyfe's residence; Mrs. Fyfe's exceptional organisational abilities (planning furniture arrangements of Summerhill before removal from English home, sending plans ahead), 'Japanese eye' for interior light and space, flower-arranging artistry. Grandmother's hospitable compassion as minister's wife throughout Depression. Holiday abroad after quitting Students' Memorial Union; marriage to Queen's Associate Professor Reginald Jackson (1934), transfer to University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Sense of Canadian identity; poor social apprehension of Quebec (1930s), bewilderment at Quebecois self-distinction as 'French' Canadians. Men's snowshoeing parties to Wolfe Island for winter sport (father's generation). Aspect of Edinburgh streets during WWII; Edinburgh women's census, shock of encountering stratum of Edinburgh population her own age, noting the range in health, poverty; Edinburgh tenement conditions, health, breaking labour of women transporting laundry to public washhouses and back. Conscientious objection during WWII: anti-Franco pacifist element, Scottish nationalist objectors; fear of invasion, heightening public scorn for 'malingerers'. Husband's position in Home Guard, premature death in 1946. Return to Kingston with two children, residence with 80-year-old father; discouraging experience of having to 'shut off' recent Scottish experience, dredge up former knowledge of Kingston society, adopt its interests. Intellectual isolation as widow; wish that women would share their husbands for general conversation, 'good talk'. Ban Righ Board membership: Adelaide Hall women's residence building campaign, 'great women' co-workers Thelma Bogart, Emily Graham, May Chown, Mary Chown; Alumnae women's 'superlative job of voluntary work' from Ban Righ fundraising onwards; Alumnae retention of Adelaide project despite university administrative attempts at takeover. Principal Wallace's 'kindly, whimsical humour', friendly chairmanship of Ban Righ Board, role as financial middleman between donor R.S. Maclaughlin, Ban Righ Board executive. Initial meeting with Vibert Douglas. Jean Royce interview with 'poor prospect' freshman: encouraging ability to draw him out, 'I've never been talked to like that by anyone'. Mrs. Wallace's perception of need for Faculty Women's Club: campaign efforts following WWII, while maintaining heavy routine hospitality at Summerhill; FWC cultural programmes, daily tea service for male student-faculty informal discussions. Preference for lighthearted, 'impromptu' university atmosphere during 1920s; personal happiness during Fyfe regime (instructive social life, membership in Faculty Players). TAPE TWO Son's quick adaptation to Canada (through having to learn to skate, play hockey); daughter's trials as 'bumptious Scot', solved much later by Queen's enrolment, Philosophy major under Prof. Sandy Duncan. Son's position as Professor of English, Victoria College, Univ. of Toronto; daughter's position with Faculty of Philosophy, Leeds Univ., England. 'Disturbing' tendency of modern films to 'belittle' characters, be disrespectful. Sympathy with women's movement, defence of its 'natural' occasional blatancy, overstepping of limits. Crusade to save Kingston Grand Opera House from demolition for downtown carpark; years' efforts (1960-5) at fundraising, renovation; difficulty sustaining townspeople's interests, 'small group' resuscitation efforts directed by subject and Mrs.John Delahaye; victory, supported by Symphony, attacked by sectors of town, university. Subject's fascination for former Kingston Theatre of her childhood, concern to protect Grand Theatre for younger generations.

File consists of a recording of Dilys Buckley-Jones. Topics of the conversation include professors in Queen's French Dept. (early 1960s); bewildering, fascinating Freudian slant of Gerald Bessette. Minor campus political activities, e.g. Ban the Bomb groups. University attendance as natural development of subject's education; Queen's chosen for small size, well-developed language programme in comparison with western universities, family contacts in Kingston. Lack of contact with Alumni Association since graduation. Competitive Foreign Service exam (1964), election as Officer. Belief that neither her diplomatic nor academic career has been adversely affected by sexual discrimination. Standard of Latin in prairie schools, not up to Queen's standards; Prof. McDonald's super Spanish, Italian courses. Subject's living arrangements at Queen's: residence, boarding out ('not entirely a happy experience, but I survived'), apartment-sharing. Various childhood home towns as daughter of banker. Foreign Service postings : Lima, Ottawa, Copenhagen, Ottawa, next assignment Mexico. Minor problems, irritations, as intelligent single woman in male-oriented Peru. Division of Peruvian society into exclusive upper class, peasant class: official contact only with Peruvians, friendships confined to foreign ex-patriot community. Application to Foreign Service motivated by distaste for further study/teaching alternatives. Equal Opportunity for Women in the Dept. of External Affairs: objection that despite good record, EOW people concentrate on women in highly visible positions, ignore secretarial grievances. Present position as Deputy Director, Public Relations Division. Diplomatic ranking in the Foreign Service. Dept. of External Affairs' current difficulty finding employees who will leave Canada: problems of education and employment for diplomats' spouses, children. Problems assigning couples where both members are diplomats; FS couples' solution that wives should resign after husbands' posting abroad as perhaps sad, but an exercise of choice; understanding of freedom for women as the right to choose. Approval of Women's Lib work in consciousness-raising, legislation, attitude-changing; disgust with propaganda urging that women must achieve outside the home in order to fulfil themselves. Subject's splendid mother as example of fulfilled personality, intelligence, womanhood, though part of a generation restricted in its options; university crash course aet. 63. Family supportiveness, freedom from sexist prejudices, restrictions. Subject's pleasure, unambitious pride in work; confident indifference to questioning of careerwoman's femininity, surprise at chauvinism still present in Dept.'s younger male generation. Firm belief in importance of personal life, disapproval of excessive devotion to job.//Cultural interests, pleasure in entertaining abroad, love of travel. Parents' love of travel; father's Welsh origins. Dislike of phrase 'role model': opinion that many people have influenced her but none especially, excepting parents. Shock of adjustment to independence in first-year university: discipline, curfew in family life contrasted with outside permissiveness; residence regulations. Subject's shyness, ability to hide it; early entrance into Foreign Service aet. 21, bad moment of initial insecurity followed by happy apartment­ sharing with new-found friend. Adjustment to FS comings and goings, long period required anywhere to settle in; particular attachment to Copenhagen, Danish friends. Char ter excursion through Eastern Africa: superb country, excel­lent accommodations, African wildlife. Current FS hiring rate of 6-7 officers per year; other possibilities for persons in­ terested in international employment.

File consists of a recording of Olive David. Topics of the conversation include TAPE ONE Lasting friendships made in Queen's women's residences. English and French at Queen's; attendance Ontario College of Education; surplus of teachers in job market, fortunate extension of Brockville Collegiate temporary teaching appointment to fifteen years. Specialist qualification in Phys. Ed at Queen's summer school. Entrance into teaching as part of 'drift' (for want of options) of female graduates into OCE; continuation through utter happiness of Brockville years. Splendid Brockville friendships; community role as co-founder of local Girl Guides. Restless ambition during WWII; resignation from teaching; enrolment in Columbia Univ. summer school (French, Spanish, Abnormal Psychology). Wonderful experience of New York: residence in International House, 'a broadening experience'; cheap daily theatre attendance; discovery of vocational interest through conversation with social worker, Columbia Univ. aptitude test. Enrolment in Univ. of Toronto School of Social Work, 1943-45; position as head of student body, representative on U. of T. students' executive counciI. Former position as editor of apolitical Levana Society section, Queen's Journal; position on Ban Righ Council; non-existence of campus women's movement (1923-25). Warm memories of Prof. Macdonald's Sunday night open houses; student friendships, acquaintance with everyone; successful years of Queen's football team. Student attendance at Morrisburg High School; near certainty of proceeding to university if one entered upper school; farm parents' anxiety that children should be educated; brother's previous attendance at Queen's. Three brilliant male contemporaries sent up to Queen's from Morrisburg High (including Dr. B.W. Sargent of Queen's Physics Dept., member of Chalk River nuclear energy team). Continuing love of family farm. Summer courses in Trois Pistoles, Guelph, Toronto; visit to desolate part of Alaska, opportunity to see how people managed their lives; terrific visit with Queen's grad Margaret White's family in Jamaica. Salary of $2100 per year at time of resignation from teaching, sense of having and enjoying everything. Happy supervision of five YWCA day camps (employed by Queen's grad Eva Coombe, head of Toronto YWCA) during summers at School of Social Work.//Quebec conference on community planning, 1944: insight into fermenting Quebecois problem of cultural self-preservation, liberation from English Canadian and Roman Catholic domination. Executive directorship of Ottawa YWCA (six and a half years); introduction of rotating board memberships, fund-raising cafeteria; inability to maintain managerial aloofness, compulsion to pitch in to activities at all levels. Splendid staff; enjoyment of being integral part of Ottawa community, actively connected with network of social service agencies. Executive directorship of Windsor YW - YMCA (four and a half years) as first female director of joint Association, resignation of three male members in protest (two of whom returned); acceptance, co-operation from male/female board, absence of sexist discrimination. YM - YWCA programmes, staff, counselling and residence services; travellers’ aid department in Ottawa, boardinghouse inspection services in Windsor. Windsor service clubs the Ysmen, Ysmenettes; close connection with Detroit YMCA, YWCA. Resignation, 1956; postponement of European travelling plans, renewal of Ottawa friendships; explanation of Zonta service club organisation. Membership in Red Cross Austrian mission, directing camp for Hungarian refugees en route to Canada; campsite in former army training camp, badly bombed because of proximity to Messerschmidt factory (of 3500 member community, 18 houses remained intact); responsibility for entertaining refugees, largely by encouraging their own exceptional artistic talents.//TAPE TWO Details of refugee camp: flow of money and goods from League of Red Cross; purchase of musical instruments for camp orchestra; kindergarten, wonderfully decorated with mural paintings by camp artists, 'so willing to beautify the place'; absence of language problems, discovery that man communicates in many more ways than by speech alone. Feeling of brotherhood (despite inconvenient lack of privacy, dormitory life); moving expressions of cultural solidarity: heartfelt renditions of Hungarian national anthem, camp-member's valuable poem on valise of Hungarian memories packed to come to Canada. Close of camp; European holiday tour with Red Cross associates. Summer employment in similar camp for unwanted Hungarian refugees denied access to adoptive countries. Year's travel in Europe; unusual fortune in linking up with old friends and new acquaintances. Mistaken identification as Red Cross nurse, receipt of Red Crescent (Red Cross) hospitality, Istanbul; voluntary instruction of much-desired English language instruction classes in return. Stimulating stay in Athens YWCA (active career-training centre for Greek women: 5000 members learning typing, shorthand, embroidery, etc.), acquaintance with fascinating woman historian later visited in Salzburg; chance meeting with old friend in Florence; three­month stay with new friends in Vienna; tour of France and Spain with former Brockville acquaintance encountered in Geneva; Scandinavian tour with American acquaintance, visiting Viennese friend's relations; departure to England, received by family (Margaret White) formerly visited in Jamaica. Return to Canada, 1958. Refusal of job offer to direct Montreal YWCA; executive appointment to Toronto Social Planning Council (Area Councils section) as investigator of community services. //Ten-year employment with Social Planning Council: joint battle with Margaret Campbell to establish children's daycare centres; initiation with church organisations of 'Meals on Wheels' programme; pioneer research into early identification of children's learning problems; study of recreational needs and existing facilities; fruitful cooperation with Public Health nurses (a mine of community information); eye-opening investigation into lives of Toronto's senior citizens. Good staff relations on SPC; retirement just as Toronto citizens were beginning to participate (previous difficulty getting people involved). Unsatisfactory attempt to combine teaching and social work experience as teacher at Richmond Hill school for the emotionally disturbed; resignation after one term, frustrated by inability to reach many violently disturbed children. Blissful appointment as first director of Summer Centre for Seniors (1 000 participants in 1970), exercising SPC contacts and experience; never-failing supply of volunteer-workers; regretful resignation after two years on account of bad knee condition. Support of women's movement objective of equal pay for equal work; recognition of sexual discrimination in society, despite personal experience of complete equality in terms of pay, acceptance by working associates. Personal inability to function unless on equal working terms with superiors and subordinates alike. Tendency of women's lib speakers to hog discussion time in male-and-female public debates; Laura Sabia's humorous control of one man's attempt to make public fun of her. Doubtful success of Royal Commission on the Status of Women in changing men's attitudes to women. Belief in supporting individuals as people, not in their roles as men or women.

File consists of a recording of Kathleen Dodd. Topics of the conversation include Queen's extramural course work compared with regular study: difficulty settling down to books while teaching and enjoying Orillia social life. Farmer parents' view that higher education for marriageable women was a waste; willingness to send sons (who didn't wish to go) to university, not daughter (who did). Decision to teach; enrolment Peterborough Normal School. Teacher surplus, posting to one-room school near Burkes Falls; poverty of English-speaking community (dependence on one employer throughout Depression) compared with nearby Finns. Independence of Finnish, English communities: Finns' enjoyment of sauna, baths, skiing, Finnish dance hall; good health, clothing of Finnish children; periodic failure of some English children to attend school for want of shoes, winter clothing. Subject's happy participation in Finnish activities. Finns' progressive quality, ability to invent a living, exploit tourism trade; Finnish intellectual capacity, willingness to learn English from children's primers; lack of jealous tension between Finnish, English communities. Residence with local schoolmaster's family; subject's anaemia, low blood pressure brought on by poor diet (no meat, few eggs; some cow's milk before cow went dry). School board's difficulty retaining a teacher even for a year; subject's liking for community, ability to overcome drawbacks of isolation, decision to finish year despite concerned father's offer to pay her to stay home. Stove-heated log schoolhouse: 'I wore a ski suit all winter because it was so cold in there.' Economic security throughout Depression, as teenager living with family near Orillia; progression of most high school friends to university; parents' refusal, de­ spite affluence and phone call from high school principal, to support subject through university. Freshman year at Queen's (1938-9) on self-earned funds; student intimations of impending war; inhuman attitude of Meds date, thinking war would provide him with good training opportunities. Enjoyable summer job at Manoir Richelieu (CPR hotel on St. Lawrence); inabiIity to return to Queen's for lack of funds; scruples about pressuring parents for funds in view of younger siblings' needs. Teaching position in Muskoka; marriage; husband's enIistment, absence at training camps; army transfer to BC. Rejection by BC school board of subject's permanent Ontario 1st-class teaching certificate; working position with Royal Bank (1941-2). BC fear of Japanese invasion; city blackouts, ferry travel without lights; evacuated buildings in Vancouver's east Hastings area owned by Japanese people sent to internment camps; effect on lumber industry of loss of Japanese labour; energy crisis of homes adapted to sawdust fuel, now dependent on trickling supply of coal. Greater awareness of scarcity of goods during WWII than during Depression (probably because of increased awareness as adult consumer); lack of political awareness. Eastern Canadian origins of many BC acquaintances; sense of mountains as barrier between self and Ontario 'home'; geography as an explanation of BC sense of separate identity. Armistice Day celebration in local Ontario dance pavilion. Lack of involvement in women's war-support activities (Red Cross, etc.) because of regular employment, frequent transfers. Changeover to female staff in Vancouver bank during WWII; continuation of enlisted male employees' pay, regular promotions; 'transient' nature of female employees, many in tow of enlisted husbands. Sense of women's growing independence, emergence to the social forefront; subject as university graduate, independent wage-earner, despite parental efforts at repressive role-dictation. Changes in subject's domestic role: teaching work, combined with full domestic responsibilities after husband's army discharge; period raising family; domestic chores as shared family responsibility following re-entry into teaching workforce. Reasons for re­-entry into workforce; teaching work as a social alternative to narrow-minded local women's institute. Difficulty of separation from newlywed husband during WWII years; kindness shown by parents' generation to young wives. Acquaintance with Jewish student at Queen's; unawareness of campus anti-Semitism. Enjoyment of both academic and social life at Queen's; academic success, due to organisational abilities rather than diligence; participation in sports (swimming, skating, badminton). //Childhood connection with Chalmers United Church, CGIT fellowship; affiliation with husband's Presbyterian church after marriage. Decision not to return to Queen's after freshman year : feeling that nothing would be the same during war years. 'Rather brilliant' Prof. Humphrey, sensationalist performer of risky psychological experiments; insight gained from enthusiastic History Prof. Harrison, early prophet of Quebec's Silent Revolution.

File consists of a recording of Dr. Allie Vibert Douglas. Topics of the conversation include concern as Queen's Dean of Women (1939) that women students should contribute to WWII: establishment of Red Cross workroom, production of quilts for underground shelters and hospitals, Britain. Mandatory two hours' war work per student weekly: option of Red Cross workroom, canteen work, or military visiting duties, 'anything that made a more useful citizen'. Compulsory lectures, preparing students for possible sabotage emergencies; option of evening courses at KCVI, developing able wartime citizenship. Compulsory St. John's Ambulance first aid course in first term, home nursing in final term; generous participation of doctors, Kingston General Hospital staff; end-of-year examinations (compulsory repetition in case of failure). Head of Phys. Ed. Miss Ross' valuable course in basic drill, leading to enlistment of many female students in army, air force, navy (e.g. Mrs. Fred Gibson). Soccer practice of Commonwealth air trainees on Queen's lower campus: 'it was lovely to see them'. Mrs. Grace Miller's knowledge (as math student at Queen's prior to WWI) of subject (by name) as math student at McGill: notoriety of Canadian women math students due to scarcity. Three undergraduate years at McGill, four years in London (c. WWI). Astonishment after Queen's appointment (1939) that 'women were really hardly regarded as full members of the university'; universal disaster was required to open Medical School to women at McGill (WWI), Queen's (WWII). Subject's written recommendation that Queen's Med School be opened to women; Principal Wallace's rationalization of continued discrimination; pressure applied by wartime government, badly in need of qualified doctors. Limited admission of selected female Med. students midway through WWII. Exclusive male societies on Queen's campus (Philosophy, Political Science); subject's protest of Principal Wallace's customary absence at women's Levana Society graduating dinner, soon rectified. Teas held by subject (as Department of Immigration representative at Queen's) for overseas students (mostly men), limited by rationing, tight university budget; problem of racially prejudiced Kingston landladies, efforts of Mr. Dewar hunting out welcoming accommodations. Proposal of Overseas Club by Jamaican student; donation by public-spirited Service Club man of former home of Physics Professor Harry Harkness (sponsor of Chinese students; high proportion of Chinese in original Overseas programme at Queen's) as first International Students' Centre. Memberships in international organizations: International Federation of University Women (since 1920); International Union of Astronomers; International Union for History and Philosophy of Science. Appointment as IFUW president (1947). Overseas conference participation twice yearly; thoughtful solicitation of chocolate bars from Queen's students, distributed at post-war sugar-starved European conferences; similar distribution of toilet soap at University Service-run recuperation camps (Zurich vicinity) for deported students of occupied countries, who had caught tuberculosis while serving at hard labour. Opportunity to share conference experiences with Queen's students, to impart new discoveries to astronomy students before textbooks could publish them. Honorary degree from University of Queensland, awarded alongside Mlle Jeanne Chaton (heroic underground figure in World Wars I and II). Desperate difficulty securing accommodation in Czechoslovakia prior to 1967 Astronomical Conference (rejection of foreigners by hotel managements unless recommended by Tourist Bureau); lovely experience walking in mountains, 'you felt so safe'. VIP treatment of delegates to Moscow conference of International Union of Astronomers; tour of great Soviet observatories (Leningrad, Crimea, Georgia: Armenian observatory of Dr. V.A. Ambartsumyan). Queen's Ellis Hall observatory, used for student training, public education; potential for modest research programme in photoelectric photometry. Work at Cambridge, England (1921-3) under Lord Ernest Rutherford, Sir Arthur Eddington. Subject's biography of Eddington (pubIished 1956): encouragement from fellow astronomical delegates, rejection by Cambridge University Press as too great a financial risk, acceptance by Nelson's Edinburgh.//lnternational expansion of IFUW: founding in 1918 by 'two outstanding women', Professor Caroline Spurgeon (London University), Dean Virginia Gildersleeve; Canada as third entrant; acquisition of nearly all Western European countries; loss of several nations to USSR following WWII. African memberships in IFUW; Makerere University conference; IFUW work encouraging discriminatory Muslim countries to open higher education to women. Grenoble IUA conference. Realization at Cambridge of personal unsuitability for experimental physics, ideal suitability for astrophysics. Subject's introduction of Astrophysics at McGill University; enlargement of Queen's undergraduate astrophysics programme, introduction of graduate-level programme. Full schedule as combined Dean of Women and Astrophysics lecturer, especially heavy during WWII; disapproval of male 'raids' on women's residences as form of 'bullying', dealings with male students; criticism of University Administration for not taking measures to protect women students from nervous strain. Student accommodation difficulties following WWII: 'great rush' of OVA students back to campus; 'marvellous time' had by mature female students (packed like sardines into newly rented residence house); enthusiastic leadership of Warden Evelyn Macleod. Alterations made for residential purposes to wooden Army huts at St. Mary's-of-the-Lake Hospital; Principal Wallace's anxiety that smoking in residence be prohibited to mature female students, despite permission to male students; subject's refusal to administer a sexist prohibition so absurdly illogical.

File consists of a recording of Edith Ferguson. Topics of the conversation include application for highschool teaching positions,1932-41; unhappy employment at lower salary in public schools. Teaching career seen in rural Ontario childhood as least of three possible evils (nursing, stenography); decision to quit and enter social work (inspired by women professionals' programme of talks to women students, arranged by Queen's Dean of Women Hilda Laird). Attendance at School of Social Work, Univ. of Toronto; temporary employment in Hamilton community centre. 'Bitty' employment, Toronto, 1938-41 (supply-teaching, clerical work, reading to blind person); job-hunting, extensive reading. Employment in munitions plant (1941-43) as personnel interviewer, as factory worker till contraction of dermatitis (occupational hazard). YMCA employment as assistant organiser, armed services recreation programmes; transfer to Scotland; details of services. Application, eager for adventure, to United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration programme (London); clerical posting to British Zone, Germany, duties as welfare officer in displaced persons camps. Poor housing in camps; multinational population, administration; multilingual atmosphere; social life and travel commitments of administrators. Return to Canada, 1947; two months' residence with mother; undesirable, uneconomical employment as caseworker, Toronto Children's Aid Society. Transfer to Columbia Univ. for MA in Adult Education; completion of degree by two summers' fulltime study, one-year's part­ time coursework combined with overload of menial employment (I don't think I've ever worked so hard before or since'). Return to Canada, renewed unemployment, residence with mother; cornering of community organisation and adult education jobs, seen as new fields in Canada, by men; postwar job priority accorded to men. Seasonal employment with Ontario Farm Radio Forum; summer employment with Canadian Association for Adult Education; temporary employment with Canadian Citizenship Council, as Canadian immigration counsellor in International Refugee Organisation camps, Germany. Improvement in camp conditions since previous employment. Employment as assistant to Director, Windsor Social Planning Council, 1952-60; enjoyment of community service committee activities (housing, mental health, immigration, unemployment), widespread conference participation. //Resignation from WSPC; recognition of personal restlessness, disinclination to stagnate, tendency to succession of short-term jobs combined with assiduous job-hunting. One-year employment as Director of community centre for established 'Black' community and newcomer West Indians (Toronto), problems integrating downtrodden 'Blacks' with self-confident West Indians. Fifteen-month stint as committee worker on Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; pursuit of interest in immigration, despite expectation of remaining with SPC till retirement. Previous inability to find work in self-acknowledged field of immigration because of Canadian lack of understanding of immigrant problems, consequent lack of services. Sacrifice of job security for two-year appointment as special project supervisor, International Institute of Metropolitan Toronto; challenge of reorienting post-WWII immigrant services to accommodate new wave of Mediterranean rural immigrants. Widely publicized report Newcomers in Transition, leading to second two-year project (male-oriented) to convert unskilled immigrant people into semi-skilled workers; summary report Newcomers and New Learning. Two years' work with eight temporary employers: YMCA national headquarters, St. Christopher House (settlement house), Canadian Council on Social Development, Canadian Association of Social Workers, Toronto City Planning Dept., Cradleship Crèche day-nursery, Board of Education truancy department, Royal Commission on Status of Women. Brief return to Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; five months' temporary survey work with Dept. of Manpower and Immigration. Critical report Immigrant Integration (directed at Ontario government), prepared for independent Ontario Economic Council; subject's pride in extra funds allotted to provincial immigration dept. as result of her recommendations. Employment since 1971: preparation of handbook for immigrants (Ministry of Community and Social Services); report on migrants, People on the Move (Canadian Council on Social Development); task force survey, Secretary of State dept.; seasonal employment, Ministry of Culture and Recreation; as organiser of intercultural seminars in ten Toronto cultural neighbourhoods, helping community workers and immigrants to understand each other; preparing publications for Guidance Section, Faculty of Education, Univ. of Toronto. Subject's 'outstanding woman' award, Province of Ontario (International Women's Year), election to Order of Canada. Precariousness, financial uncertainty of subject's career; motto 'I'd rather be dead than be bored', readiness to quit work which proved unsatisfactory. Mushrooming of immigration services in subject's time; dismay at lack of interest shown in beginning stages, social workers' insensitivity to immigrant problems. Smooth sailing of subject's career following Toronto professional recognition. Quebec separatist issue seen in light of larger multiculturalism issue; Canada as a country still in process of building, assimilating. Changes in Canadian social life since Depression era: self-reliance, resourcefulness of earlier social gatherings (subject's organ accompaniment to brother's fiddle numbers at Depression barn dances); greater sociabiIity, inexpensive fun, 'just plain visiting' of recently bygone Canadian era.

File consists of a recording of Frances Gibbs. Topics of the conversation include forty-year association with Queen's Registrar's Office; Position as clerk in 5-person office, 1924. Death of Registrar Alice King. Pleasant though strictly supervised work under Dr. McNeill: no talking or coffee-breaks. Witty, outspoken characters of Charlotte and Kay Whitton. Subject's background: early death of parents; beloved aunt working with VON; secretarial course at KCVI; support of sister through nursing programme, Ottawa Civic Hospital. Sister's experience with VON in poor section of Ottawa, early position as sole stenographer for Carruthers, Fleming Hall professors. Pre-residence boarding house system for Queen's students, restricted to 'the right side of the tracks'. Hen Coop residence. Mother's boarding house for women only. Estimate of young men of the past as more appreciative, 'home-like'; female practice of taking in male boarders for daughters to marry. Subject's annual evaluation of boarding houses for Queen's students. Family connections with Army. Kingston during WWII; organisation of children's lunch facilities. Subject's opinion that women should work in the home; experience as married cook for 14 BC lumbermen. Friendship with Lorne Greene. Stuart Webster. May Chown. Miriam of Queen's. Responsibility for safety of Queen's early exam papers, printed by Jackson Press. Gap in Queen's career, 1945-58. Work presiding at examinations (some in hospital); reading exams aloud to blind student. Lawrence J. Wilson, entertainer extraordinaire; former Queen's University parades; student raids on the Grand Opera House. Amusement tax during WWI.

File consists of a recording of Margaret Gibson. Topics of the conversation include family tradition of attendance at Queen's: expectation it would enlarge one's life. Enlistment with Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) in sophomore year, employment in Gunnery training Centre, training crews for target warfare. Family motivation for enlisting; Queen's as a gay, 'sheltered bubble' during wartime; consciousness of war through lack of intercollegiate sports, COTC participation; popular assumption that war would be longlasting, students most useful as trained graduates. Cold reception of first women members by male-oriented Gunnery, gradual acceptance of women's usefulness in releasing men for active duty. Lack of apparent feminist movement on campus: sense of social privilege, broad opportunity, in attending university; acceptance of protected sexual position, unthreatened by later social phenomena of widespread divorce, single motherhood; understanding that men gave more (e.g. their lives at war), paid more (on dates, etc.) without challenging motives for giving, paying. Subject's present support for women's movement objectives. Women careerists (in senior civil service, advertising) among mother's peers, Queen's Class of 1914. Women's limited appetite for unusual careers (1940s), hence limited sense of suppression; enjoyment of expanded career opportunities later, after raising children. Subject's easy entrance into naval work, journalism; feminist resentment as a symptom of the 1950s not 1940s. Elimination of some social problems by postwar rise in standard of living; benefits of unanticipated social welfare programme (comparative hardships, social cruelties of 1930s); optimistic earnest idealism of returning veteran population (no sense of 'society owes us a living'). Student obsession (1950s) with financial security, job particulars. Crinoline cupboards in women's residences. Immediate post-graduate employment as staff writer, women's department, Ottawa Citizen; coverage of thousands of summer weddings in popularity competition with Ottawa Journal. Employment as assistant to Press Attache, Netherlands Embassy, Ottawa; postwar importation of Dutch farmers: 'tulip time in Holland' films for homesick immigrants; grand reception for Prince Bernhardt and Queen Juliana (Dutch farmers pouring into Ottawa clad in farm clothes); Dutch cordiality towards Canadian liberators ('every Dutch girl wants to marry a Canadian soldier'). Employment with Canadian Homes and Gardens magazine, Toronto Globe and Mail newspaper (women's department); 'ingrown' atmosphere of magazine office, preference for newspaper pace, department autonomy. Marriage to Queen's professor, 1953.// lmpossibility of continuing non-unionized career alongside marriage; journalistic freedom of non-union Globe and Mail compared with unionized Toronto Star; long, uncertain hours for standard low pay, 'you didn't do it for the money'. Financial motivations of working women; criticism of working mothers' self-justification of providing 'quality rather than quantity' care for their children. Dangers for working women of economic recession (reduced salaries, loss of jobs, discriminatory hiring policies). Guess that women have 'slipped back' in some ways; entrance of men into traditional women's fields, women into men's; expectation that economy, relative status of sexes, will all level out. Belief in existence of masculine and feminine character traits shared by both sexes; in partly inherent, partly conditioned feminine faith in intuition, masculine faith in rational decision-making. Attempts to come to terms with feminism, having 'predated' it: 'the anger that you sense directed at men is disturbing if you were brought up at a time when you really didn't feel angry at men'. Desirability of freedom of role choice; existence of traditional roles as the result of conditioning. Role of time-limitations, contingencies, natural dictations of choice, in ordering one's life: 'women have sometimes tried to do too much'. Curious sensation of younger generation's interest in objects and styles out of subject's past. Student unrest during 1960s: disappointment of watching student rebels turn into establishment businessmen; Queen's good fortune in strong traditions of student government, small size, good communication; sufferings of idealistic students over movement's quiet death, 'it didn't carry through' for them. Queen's student feminist awareness (1970s). Feminist issues as but one area of current concern: subject's distress over other issues (circumstances not having prompted her to feminist complaint); children's educated concern for Canadian problem of national unity.

File consists of a recording of Lin Good. Topics of the conversation include findings of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; subject as Chairman, 1973-74. Declining percentage of female enrolment in certain programmes, eclipsed by increase in mass enrolment; ignorance of women's motivations for study, choice of field; female drop-out syndrome. Queen's early, innovative interest in study of women's status on campus. Historical, economic perspectives on North American women: effect of affluence on roles, inhibitions. Subject's Lancashire background; identification with war­ time industrial working women. Removal to Canada; impression of female domesticity. Middle-class female circumscription as reaction against frontier woman's com­ prehensive labour. Exceptional ability of Jean Royce as registrar. Liberating force of subject's mother; voluntary nature of family bonds. Subject's work with Ontario Status of Women Council; 'About Face', pamphlet restoring, promoting positive image of housewife. Freedom of role choice for women. University as necessary stimulus for housewives, students 'as people'; recent limiting conception as career-training institute. Dread of current demand-supply pressures on universities. Abuse of unemployment statistics to discourage married women from paid work. Income disparity between sexes; belief in payment for work done, not according to need. Equality of opportunity at Queen's: report of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; recent committee chaired by Marie Surridge. Subject's disagreement with quota hiring system; preference for encouraging women academics' tenacity, confidence, visibility. Experiences, education, as city alderman; political opportunities for women. Importance for women of male support; subject's early encouragement from lifelong male friend.