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File consists of a recording of Frances Gibbs. Topics of the conversation include forty-year association with Queen's Registrar's Office; Position as clerk in 5-person office, 1924. Death of Registrar Alice King. Pleasant though strictly supervised work under Dr. McNeill: no talking or coffee-breaks. Witty, outspoken characters of Charlotte and Kay Whitton. Subject's background: early death of parents; beloved aunt working with VON; secretarial course at KCVI; support of sister through nursing programme, Ottawa Civic Hospital. Sister's experience with VON in poor section of Ottawa, early position as sole stenographer for Carruthers, Fleming Hall professors. Pre-residence boarding house system for Queen's students, restricted to 'the right side of the tracks'. Hen Coop residence. Mother's boarding house for women only. Estimate of young men of the past as more appreciative, 'home-like'; female practice of taking in male boarders for daughters to marry. Subject's annual evaluation of boarding houses for Queen's students. Family connections with Army. Kingston during WWII; organisation of children's lunch facilities. Subject's opinion that women should work in the home; experience as married cook for 14 BC lumbermen. Friendship with Lorne Greene. Stuart Webster. May Chown. Miriam of Queen's. Responsibility for safety of Queen's early exam papers, printed by Jackson Press. Gap in Queen's career, 1945-58. Work presiding at examinations (some in hospital); reading exams aloud to blind student. Lawrence J. Wilson, entertainer extraordinaire; former Queen's University parades; student raids on the Grand Opera House. Amusement tax during WWI.

File consists of a recording of Margaret Gibson. Topics of the conversation include family tradition of attendance at Queen's: expectation it would enlarge one's life. Enlistment with Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) in sophomore year, employment in Gunnery training Centre, training crews for target warfare. Family motivation for enlisting; Queen's as a gay, 'sheltered bubble' during wartime; consciousness of war through lack of intercollegiate sports, COTC participation; popular assumption that war would be longlasting, students most useful as trained graduates. Cold reception of first women members by male-oriented Gunnery, gradual acceptance of women's usefulness in releasing men for active duty. Lack of apparent feminist movement on campus: sense of social privilege, broad opportunity, in attending university; acceptance of protected sexual position, unthreatened by later social phenomena of widespread divorce, single motherhood; understanding that men gave more (e.g. their lives at war), paid more (on dates, etc.) without challenging motives for giving, paying. Subject's present support for women's movement objectives. Women careerists (in senior civil service, advertising) among mother's peers, Queen's Class of 1914. Women's limited appetite for unusual careers (1940s), hence limited sense of suppression; enjoyment of expanded career opportunities later, after raising children. Subject's easy entrance into naval work, journalism; feminist resentment as a symptom of the 1950s not 1940s. Elimination of some social problems by postwar rise in standard of living; benefits of unanticipated social welfare programme (comparative hardships, social cruelties of 1930s); optimistic earnest idealism of returning veteran population (no sense of 'society owes us a living'). Student obsession (1950s) with financial security, job particulars. Crinoline cupboards in women's residences. Immediate post-graduate employment as staff writer, women's department, Ottawa Citizen; coverage of thousands of summer weddings in popularity competition with Ottawa Journal. Employment as assistant to Press Attache, Netherlands Embassy, Ottawa; postwar importation of Dutch farmers: 'tulip time in Holland' films for homesick immigrants; grand reception for Prince Bernhardt and Queen Juliana (Dutch farmers pouring into Ottawa clad in farm clothes); Dutch cordiality towards Canadian liberators ('every Dutch girl wants to marry a Canadian soldier'). Employment with Canadian Homes and Gardens magazine, Toronto Globe and Mail newspaper (women's department); 'ingrown' atmosphere of magazine office, preference for newspaper pace, department autonomy. Marriage to Queen's professor, 1953.// lmpossibility of continuing non-unionized career alongside marriage; journalistic freedom of non-union Globe and Mail compared with unionized Toronto Star; long, uncertain hours for standard low pay, 'you didn't do it for the money'. Financial motivations of working women; criticism of working mothers' self-justification of providing 'quality rather than quantity' care for their children. Dangers for working women of economic recession (reduced salaries, loss of jobs, discriminatory hiring policies). Guess that women have 'slipped back' in some ways; entrance of men into traditional women's fields, women into men's; expectation that economy, relative status of sexes, will all level out. Belief in existence of masculine and feminine character traits shared by both sexes; in partly inherent, partly conditioned feminine faith in intuition, masculine faith in rational decision-making. Attempts to come to terms with feminism, having 'predated' it: 'the anger that you sense directed at men is disturbing if you were brought up at a time when you really didn't feel angry at men'. Desirability of freedom of role choice; existence of traditional roles as the result of conditioning. Role of time-limitations, contingencies, natural dictations of choice, in ordering one's life: 'women have sometimes tried to do too much'. Curious sensation of younger generation's interest in objects and styles out of subject's past. Student unrest during 1960s: disappointment of watching student rebels turn into establishment businessmen; Queen's good fortune in strong traditions of student government, small size, good communication; sufferings of idealistic students over movement's quiet death, 'it didn't carry through' for them. Queen's student feminist awareness (1970s). Feminist issues as but one area of current concern: subject's distress over other issues (circumstances not having prompted her to feminist complaint); children's educated concern for Canadian problem of national unity.

File consists of a recording of Lin Good. Topics of the conversation include findings of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; subject as Chairman, 1973-74. Declining percentage of female enrolment in certain programmes, eclipsed by increase in mass enrolment; ignorance of women's motivations for study, choice of field; female drop-out syndrome. Queen's early, innovative interest in study of women's status on campus. Historical, economic perspectives on North American women: effect of affluence on roles, inhibitions. Subject's Lancashire background; identification with war­ time industrial working women. Removal to Canada; impression of female domesticity. Middle-class female circumscription as reaction against frontier woman's com­ prehensive labour. Exceptional ability of Jean Royce as registrar. Liberating force of subject's mother; voluntary nature of family bonds. Subject's work with Ontario Status of Women Council; 'About Face', pamphlet restoring, promoting positive image of housewife. Freedom of role choice for women. University as necessary stimulus for housewives, students 'as people'; recent limiting conception as career-training institute. Dread of current demand-supply pressures on universities. Abuse of unemployment statistics to discourage married women from paid work. Income disparity between sexes; belief in payment for work done, not according to need. Equality of opportunity at Queen's: report of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; recent committee chaired by Marie Surridge. Subject's disagreement with quota hiring system; preference for encouraging women academics' tenacity, confidence, visibility. Experiences, education, as city alderman; political opportunities for women. Importance for women of male support; subject's early encouragement from lifelong male friend.

File consists of a recording of Herbert Hamilton.

File consists of a recording of Pauline Jewett. Topics of the conversation include TAPE ONE Introduction to subject, interviewers Susan Jackson, Evelyn Reid (current Dean of Women at Queen's); respective terms of office, vacations. Inspiration for Queen's Oral History Project. Subject's initiation of 'Distinguished Scholars' taped-interview project, as Director of Institute for Canadian Studies, Carleton University; Institute of Canadian Studies cross-disciplinary MA programme as exceptional learning experience. Regional differences in Canada: subject's early Ottawa-Toronto outlook on national issues, not broadened till Carleton experience, move to British Columbia. BC's powerlessness to act independently of eastern economy; provincial desire to share in self-government, not to separate; multi-regional conferences as one solution to national difficulties. Psychology Prof. Marilyn Bowman. Simon Fraser University year-round trimester system. Feelings as first woman president of Canadian university: pressure of high expectations, constant display; interest in administrative work as opportunity to push good policies; dislike of detailed administrative dogwork, suspicion that women, through role-conditioning, tend to think in policy terms. SFU installation address, 'The Things I Want to Do', outlining major goals, policies: to rectify injustices leading to Canadian Association of University Teachers censure of SFU; to establish a majority of faculty with strong Canadian background (facilitated by SFU growth-rate, opportunity to hire);to promote women in all areas of university (has achieved current proportion of 30% women on faculty, established continuing committee on status of women in the university) despite criticism levelled against her of direct interference, not hearing what she wishes not to hear; to establish controversial minor programme in women's studies, major programming for night-school students, radical 'distance learning' degree programmes in centres throughout BC (now in planning stages). Problems raised by scattered learning centres: public preference for brick-and-mortar universities; difficulty freeing and uprooting SFU staff; possibility of teaching one discipline per location, rather than a bit of everything everywhere. Belief that in period of economic restraint the university should reexamine existing programmes, not simply halt growth; distinction between BC government's method of allocating funds, Ontario's formulaic system. Subject's previously held view that few women reach administrative level because men won't let them; friend's additional thesis that women, surfeited with detail-oriented administrative work in traditional domestic role, are frustrated by similar aspects of administration, desire something different, creative. Realisation that as SFU policies are realised,she too wiII need new outlets for interests, energies. Subject's plans for improving SFU graduate programming, developing new academic fields. Deliberate contrast with UBC programming; SFU programmes in new professional areas, e.g. criminology, natural resource management, contemporary rather than historical fields. Government review-board for interior programming plans; competition with UBC, U. of Victoria. SFU non-credit work in community education; short courses for labour groups to formally develop managerial skills, union negotiation abilities. Resurgence of subject's political adrenalin: crossroads between concern for SFU, concern for Canada. Reflections on how she has fulfilled presidential role; power to do good, personal influence over university; criticism engendered by firm adherence to policies, sometimes turning to surprised appreciation. Qualities essential to subject's job: policy objectives, ideas of where the university should be headed; managerial skills greater than subject's own (though these may be learned in practice); strong physical constitution, energy (in first year subject gave 82 off-campus public addresses in addition to regular work); tough hide combined with sensitivity, ability to deal well with criticism; ability to communicate, not only with students, faculty, but with labour as well. Lack of managerial mentality, troubled sympathy for low-paid female workers; dismay at being considered the enemy, misunderstood. Lack of formal occasions for addressing the student body as a whole; disappearance of SFU faculty club during democratic revolution of sixties; concern for SFU lack of social cement, traditions. Small number of SFU residents (7%). Concern since Quebec elections for national unity issue: sympathy with Quebecois need for cultural identity, freedom of self-expression; belief that Canada will hang together even if Quebec does separate; belief that Quebec would not separate if granted recognition, co-operative status. Desire to be represented in unity debate either as political party member or member of civic action group; politics as an addictive pursuit. Family background: parents' mild interest in politics; youthful distress over St. Catharines' poor; father as conscientious egalitarian on all issues; father's encouragement of subject to enter profession; subject's notion to enter public life, spawned at Queen's. Subject's ‘idea route' into politics: political science (largely political philosophy), philosophy minor at Queen's; ambition to practise criminal law, quashed because she was female. Notion of self as Liberal; federal support of Liberal party, provincial support of CCF, NDP; fascination for political theory; personal academic bent delaying practical political involvement through study-teaching years. Subject's delight in teaching; experience of transition from political teaching to active politics as easy, from politics to university atmosphere as quite hard. Academic career: Queen's MA '45; Radcliffe PhD course-work, teaching at Wellesley College, 1945-7; teaching at Queen's 1947-9. Harvard PhD thesis written in record one-year period, 1949; Queen's Marty Scholarship to study in England LSE and Oxford), 1950. Value of LSE - Oxford experience. Subject's term as Queen's trustee both during period as MP and later (uncustomarily) as faculty member at Carleton. Comparison of Queen's Board of Trustees (far-flung membership, occasional meetings) with SFU Board (local membership, day-to-day interest, monthly meetings). Brief affair with the pipe in attempt to give up cigarette-smoking. Switch of affiliation from Liberal Party to NDP (1971); absence of usual turncoat taunts, having switched to supposed loser. Decision to switch precipitated by War Measures Act scandal, Liberal lack of interest in foreign takeover of Canadian economy, lack of followup on Pearson control of campaign­expenditures/contributions report, ridiculous Family Income Supplement Programme (FISC) programme; preceding gradual recognition of personal conflict: mental vote cast with NDP, actual party vote with Liberal. Stanley Knowles' simple formula for deciding when to change parties. Subject's value-orientation rather than behaviorist orientation in academic political science debate; belief (though not an economic determinist) that policies, not personalities, shape history. TAPE TWO Founding of Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1976: notion that society needed not another women's pressure group but an institute backing scholarly research into women's experience. Subject as CRIAW President; fruitless hard work canvassing government for founding funds, despite proposed application to private sector for major research funds, plan that Institute be membership-based, eventually self-supporting. Government opposition, shabby treatment (misleading application advice) at hands of Minister responsible for Status of Women; suspicion that government took fright at Institute proposal to research whole area of women in relation to work. Institute-proposed country-wide, bilingual membership; aims to facilitate research, disseminate findings, encourage women financially etc. to pursue research; to establish social audit to monitor data used in decision-making process (often male-oriented); to launch retraining programmes for women. Refusal of funding application for few full-time members (though funds for annual meeting were provided); determination to apply again. Position on Board of Directors, Canadian Peace Research Institute, respect for dedicated peace researchers; Queen's current peace studies Scholar-in-Residence, Dr. Jo Vellacott. Position on Board of Directors, Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada, excited interest in future of university. Supervision of graduate theses, escape from administrative world to world of ideas; lecturing SFU Canadian Studies course. Policy shared by Queen's, SFU, that administrators should also teach; inability to teach on regular basis because of frequent distant travels. Board position, Canadian Civil Liberties Association; executive position, Committee for an Independent Canada. Queen's invaluable service to subject in helping her develop her own basic framework/foundation of political ideas, values; realisation at Harvard of first-class Queen's education in this respect, consequent ease of graduate study. Queen's dedication to public service, subject's desire to foster same at SFU. Father's influence in subject's choice of Queen's, motivated by egalitarian dislike of fraternities, sororities shared by subject. Athletic interests at Queen's; part-time title-searching for Cartwright law firm; intellectual interest not sparked till third year, then 'the world of ideas just came clattering down'. Influence of Jean Royce in altering subject's degree programme, future career; grueling switch to honours programme, seven courses plus thesis in final year. Encouragement from Alec Corry. Tough history-economics MA (Queen's), PhD scholarship (Harvard). Pressured awareness of belonging to female student minority, particularly in political science field; memory of employer's early advice, 'Don't set your heart on being a criminal lawyer (there are no women criminal lawyers)' in contrast with parental encouragement, 'There has to be a first'. Denial of government Privy Council Officer post (1950s) because she was female; interviewers' admission that she was best candidate. Maddening, exhausting, depressing work overcoming sexist caution in political campaign, endless voters' chorus, 'We've never had a woman'. Women careerists' current difficulties (Flora MacDonald); suspicion that despite enthusiastic SFU support, after her term university officials will again look for a male, having made their gesture, had their fling. Feminist sympathies, solidarity with women; gratitude of female faculty at Carleton for subject's example, encouragement, support. Concern that sense of feminist sisterhood, peaking in early 1970s, shouldn't fall off. Intellectual influence of Vibert Douglas. Contribution of residence Iife in mingling juniors, seniors. Criticism of Queen's as unprogressive, lack of leadership in vital areas such as recognition of women. Reputation of Queen's Business Administration School for encouraging women; Queen's reputation for encouraging women into engineering, applied sciences. Proposed SFU course, 'Women in Management'. Burgeoning of women post-graduate students; reflection that women may have missed the boat, that men regard PhD as ticket to a bread line, concentrate on MBAs instead.

File consists of a recording of Hilda Laird. Topics of the conversation include keen desire to attend Queen's; entrance following junior matriculation, uncertainty of goals. Laird family origins, relations with Queen's; Queen's connections with maritime provinces. Illness, father's death, preceding graduation; continued uncertainty of personal ambitions. Enthusiastic return to Queen's as Dean of Women, Lecturer in German (1925); mutual satisfaction of Deanship. Attraction to Queen's through family contacts; enjoyment of university life. Participation in Queen's Drama Guild as performer, executive; election to Levana presidency, not fulfilled after change in academic plans. Success as villain in An Ideal Husband; amusing mishap in dress rehearsal at mental institution; dramatic participation in Faculty Players; inspirational Drama coach Prof. Fallis. Absence of campus entertainments during WWI: student deprivation of normal amusements, usual happiness. Exodus of physically fit male students, 1914; Queen's contingent, Queen's Medical Corps. Experience of Armistice Day, New York, while suffering 'flu. Attendance Pratt Institute of Library Science, together with mother; illness; hard work. Library appointments in Bridgeport (Conn.), Yale; history of appointment (job prerequisites: French-speaking non-American graduate of American library school) to League of Nations Library, Geneva. Subject as first residential Dean of Women (Ban Righ), succeeding to Mrs. McNeill; previous residences run by Alumnae, not officially connected to university. Alumnae insistence on academic Dean, to inspire respect; opening in German Dept. (only now recovering from WWI antipathy) in otherwise tight university; teaching appointment of subject as fluent if unqualified German speaker. Intense application to work: no time for reflective insecurity. Chaotic unreadiness of Ban Righ for opening (1925); organisation of residence as subject's prime duty; priority given esprit de corps in initial difficult arrangements. Election of Women's Residence Council. Belle Eliott, first president of Ban Righ Hall: important cog in residence life, effective liaison between students and subject; pitiful staff resources at Ban Righ; capable bookkeeper, practical nurse Olive Spriggs, 'hydrant' to subject's 'lamp-post' figure.Inefficient weekly collection of residence fees, converted by subject to annual or term payments. Responsibility to parents for students' physical and moral well-being; use made of Spriggs' maternal aura for dealing with anxious parents. Arrangements for medical care, fire-escape precautions in Annexes. Dining protocol in residence, attractive settings; rotating student attendance at Dean's table for better mutual acquaintance. Social interaction amongst students on subject's floor. Adjustment to strict no smoking regulations; memorable comment, 'if the girls want to smoke they can go to the University of Toronto.' Complicated system of late leaves; chasing men out of residences at 11:00 pm. Smoking room established in basement during subject's time. Various origins of students (numerous excellent Ottawa students divided between U. of T. and Queen's, predating Carleton Univ.); absence of political sophistication among female students; varying levels of personal sophistication; residence as healthy educational experience, students gaining vastly from melting-pot surroundings. Subject's distress over limited career openings for women; counselling role, suggestion of library science alternative; absence of militant feminist protest, women's desire for wider opportunities not yet being felt as resentment. Playful relationship between male and female students, women as butt of practical jokes. Failure of men's strike action due to female students' abstention; women's growing experience of power unconnected with any notion of fighting for rights. Student pride in Levana Society as women's organisation; funding through share in AMS fees; Levana Society dances in Ban Righ Hall, imaginative decoration. 'Murder' hoax played on female students by male students. Belief that rule-forcing women to quit work upon marriage was introduced later, not an issue (also, women married later); lectures on opportunities for women, given by female professionals in various fields. Depression period as scarcely affecting university life; economic use of stationery supplies. Expansion, necessitating full-time people both in German Dept. and Deanship; subject's sacrifice of Dean's position (1934), appointment as Assist. Prof. of German following year of study (ultimate Ph.D) in German. Rising interest in German studies during and after WWII; highly successful German-Canadian student exchange programme, begun c.1932.//Appointment as Head of German Dept. (1948-62). Scarcity of female Heads of Dept.; subject as first woman on Queen's Senate. Contrasting concerns of subject, interviewer, as female representatives in male-dominated committees; subject's pride in self as pioneer, but disinterested attitude to participation; honest, expressive debate was all, sex not a factor. Feeling of acceptance, friendliness from male colleagues. Subject's continuing articulate frustration with interviewer's feminist political angle as inappropriate, misleading. Lack of conflict between public/private opinions in subject's career; self-assessed 'sincere' personality. Continuing interest in Queen's Review; lapsed subscription to Queen's journal through boredom with economic articles. Enjoyment of Ban Righ's 50th anniversary; refusal to attend 50th, 60th-graduation anniversaries. Position as honorary President of Toronto Queen's Alumni; splendid talks with former Ban Righ residents. Memberships in Canadian Association of University Teachers, Modern Languages As­ sociation; attendance MLA conventions. Extensive travels while young: 15 months European travel, aet.11; 2 years Geneva, marvellous connections through League of Nations associates; year's travel, 6 semesters study in Germany; interruption of PhD programme by WWII, later completion at Cornell. Semester in Marburg during 400th Anniversary of Reformation; studies in Munich c.1934; awareness of National Socialist atrocities, departure of professors, invalidation of thesis subject prompting desire to leave Germany. Four summers spent at Cornell during Ban Righ years. Happy sisterly relationship with mother, companionship on travels; satisfaction with return to Canada, Kingston, Queen's. Enjoyment of retirement home; satisfaction with arrangements, company, opportunities, nursing care.

File consists of a recording of Jean Love. Topics of the conversation include early ambition to nurse; choice of Queen's directed and promoted by parents. Queen's Nursing Science programme c. 1946, connection with Kingston General Hospital. Teenage obliviousness to WWI, later regret for unawareness of others' suffering. Muir House residence, 1946. Classes with ex-service engineering students, comparative interest of their 'what I did last summer' talks. Post-graduation work opportunities. Lack of burning social, political issues on campus; post-war ambition to settle down. Alcohol prohibition on campus. Tame initiation rites. Coldness of old-guard Kingston community towards university, better relations following establishment of Alcan, Dupont. Flexible design of Queen's nursing programme; student separation from university during training years. Levana Society. Divided nursing programme (1946) compared with present integrated programme. Jenny Weir. Work with VON, Kingston City Health Dept. Function of Public Health Nurses in schools then and now; rewarding experience identifying eye­ problems in schoolchildren. Part-time nursing career while raising children; clinical teaching, home visits with students; value of long working acquaintance with Kingston. Nursing hierarchy: current revision of roles and qualifications. Feelings of subject as faculty wife. Career development: Canada Health Survey in Kingston; cancer services in Frontenac County (Cancer Society, U. of T.), especially interesting and encouraging contact with cancer patients of long standing. Comparative contributions of public health nursing and hospital nursing. Comparison of student generations: today's youth more self-confident, articulate, experienced, but basically similar. Dislike of student drinking on street, foul language; observation that she has never disliked a student individually. Support of women's adventures into male­ dominated fields.//Expectation that with birth control, Zero Population Growth movement, more women will choose careers other than child-bearing. Status of nurses: attitude of professionals, public. Expanding VON home care programme, necessitated by government cutbacks in hospital funding. Subject's warm appreciation of Kingston, nursing profession, Queen's University.

File consists of a recording of Anne MacDermaid. Topics of the conversation include youthful appointment (1977) as Queen's University Archivist. Farm upbringing, schooling at Napanee CI . Choice of McGill University for undergraduate study (Montreal aunt's offer of free room and board); significance of aunt's generosity before era of magnificent scholarships; parents' moral support, inability to afford costs. Influence of high school teacher Jim Edie in fostering love of history. Undergraduate history major in McGill's newly-opened French­Canadian Studies Institute; history MA (supported by scholar­ ship, residence fellowship) at Carleton University's Institute of Canadian Studies. Specialization in pre-Confederation Canadian history: MA thesis on mutual influence of Church and rebels throughout rebellion in Lower Canada; fascination for conflict of interest suffered by disturbed Bishop Artigue in dealings with rebels (torn between conservative Church attitude and French Canadian sympathies). Fortunate timing of stages in career-marriage development: regular student existence during first year of marriage, seven years' working commitment before bearing first child; confident love of established career, seen as a context for motherhood not as a threat to it; 'natural' growth into senior position through previous Acting Archivist appointments. Sense that younger women now are rejecting careerism, opting for traditional domestic status. Two years' PhD coursework at University of Toronto, abandoned from sense of supersaturation with specialized study ('I could feel my brain starting to dry up'); desire to utilize training in a more vital way, suggestion by Professor Maurice Careless of professional archivism. Fortunate enrolment in archival summer course (co­-sponsored by Ottawa Public Archives, Carleton University, Canadian Historical Association); year's employment in Queen's Political Studies Department, organising Documentation Unit; 8-year position as Queen's Assistant Archivist, eventual appointment as Archivist. Theory that careerwoman profits most when tutored by successful male colleague; 8-year 'intensive internship' under former Archivist Jan Wilson; educational share in management decisions of four-person Archives Council. Factor of male's willingness to share in successful instructional relationship: likelihood of male staff person sharing most with female assistant, seen not as career threat but as stereotype 'hand­maiden'; recent shift among male professionals to sensing women as most threatening competitors. Professional objectivity/subjectivity as a factor of personality and training, not of sex. Employee commitment, loyalty, to Queen's Archives; shared focus on work, satisfaction in Archive successes; personal feeling of rewarding elation when things go well, challenge of problem-solving when trouble threatens. Dual responsibility of Archives to both donors and researchers; stimulating nature of different contacts. Administrative hint from Dr. Deutsch never to pause over a decision once made: work your best, then move on. Queen's as a non-possessive Archives; belief in accessibility of holdings. Comparison of man-to-man and woman-to-woman working relationships: wary mistrustfulness apparent in senior-junior male relationships, frank willingness to instruct common among women. Value of Hidden Voices oral history project; general meeting of Oral History Association of Canada; validity of oral history as complement to (not substitute for) written history. Tendency among teenage women of subject's acquaintance to early matrimony, purely domestic career; contrast of combined career-marriage arrangements of majority of subject's female peers (though employed in traditional female jobs, not necessarily employed at time of marriage). Archivism as development of historians' efforts, not librarians' (Canadian Public Archives predating National Library); dissimilar functions of librarian, archivist (to be good at one is not necessarily to be good at the other). Archivism as a 60% male profession, even today; archival origins in monastic record-keeping; convent record-keeping in Canada; female penchant for keeping diaries; interviewer's speculation how religious male and female record-keeping habits differed, subject's conjectures on role of Church hierarchy in imposing desired record-keeping forms.

File consists of a recording of Sybil MacLachlan. Topics of the conversation include subject's Kingston Award (Andre Bieler artwork), 1975. Attendance at Ottawa Ladies' College; extra year's study to assure parents of maturity; 'tightly-rolled diploma meets ogrish Registrar' incident, Queen's registration,1922. Arrival at Avonmore Residence, 18-resident household plus 'grubbers'; single telephone, virtual absence of rules. Transfer as senior to Ban Righ, quarrels with Dean Laird over residence restrictions. Avonmore group spirit, rivalry with Hen Coop. Blowing fuses with illicit electric heaters in Avonmore rooms; primitive gas arrangements in Hen Coop (supplying heat for hair-curling irons). Formal standards of YWCA residence. Venetian Gardens dance hall; party at Superior Restaurant. Change in student spending habits: former capacity for inexpensive amusement. Bitter rivalry between Queen's, RMC men; skill required to date both simultaneously. Impersonal flavour of expanded campus; feeling that earlier years are close now because they were closer then. Wonderment how off-campus students combine study with shared-living responsibilities. Subject's room-mate problems; dishonour of perpetual appearance on 'untidy room' list. Impossible conditions for study in Old Arts Building library, housed with stinking Biology Dept. Subject's Philosophy-Psychology ordeal: Dr. George Humphrey's 'weird' Psychology course; unexpected success in Philosophy. Min Gordon's course 'The Novel'. Questionable custom of awarding salaries to student officials (Journal staff), former understanding that honour sufficed. Queen's football championship, 1922: 'amazing' campus spirit, unkempt personal practices of superstitious football heroes. Civil service exams, Grant Hall, 1926; subject's 2-year employment with Bureau of Statistics, lack of qualifications for job. Husband's transfer to Engineering Dept., Mt. AIIison Univ. N.B.: return to Ontario during Maritime Depression, partnership in lumber business, Kingston. Daughter's insistence on Queen's education, Phys. Ed. degree; grandchildren's lack of intellectual ambition, exceptional skill in sports. Grading inflation at Queen's: former pass mark set at 40,hard to achieve. Pity for present-day Arts students facing economic squeeze; former Meds students' job-seeking forays to USA (1926). Subject's father-in-law (Queen's grad, Arts 84) : //progress via Union Seminary to educational work in Middle East; erection of Old Arts Building replica, now NATO headquarters for South-East Asia; sons' births in Turkey, all sent to Queen's for higher education. Faculty kindness in inviting students out on Sundays; Kiwanis Ball; annual Students' Frolic skits, marvellous Meds production of 'Little Eva', practical joke played on star. Male-female 3 :1 ratio in subject's day. Foundation of Latin Professor Dr. ]ol iffe's reputation for meanness, sarcasm. Unfortunate instruction of French classes in English. Extensive travel since husband's retirement, husband's fluent Greek, familiarity with Turkish homeland. Father-in-law's continued voluntary residence in Turkey, WWI, return to Kingston, 1926; disIike of 'barbaric' Western funeral rites in comparison with civilised Eastern practices. Queen's 50th reunion custom of leading alumni to dinner with bagpipes. Kingston as a natural homing town for widely scattered alumni friends. Contrast between grandchildren's carefree existence, subject's more conscientious studenthood. Dubious attitude towards women's lib, 'OK to a point'; divided attitude to issue of working mothers, admiration for those who succeed. Concern for grandchildren; premature pressure exerted on children to select careers. Daughter's colourful teaching experiences in England, especially as games mistress in posh girls' school, Kensington (including students hailing from Kingston). Active involvement in Queen's Alumni, recruited by Mary Chown (1930); nostalgia for hard-working, friendly Women's Alumnae organisation, typified by heavy preparation for annual Commencement tea; suspicion that cutbacks may force return to greater personal effort on Alumni's part.

File consists of a recording of Grace Miller. Topics of the conversation include Queen's Math Dept. c. 1911; ready acceptance of Queen's graduates by other grad schools. Doctoral work as theoretical possibility, highly unusual; MA degrees more standard. Strong encouragement, lack of inhibiting sexual discrimination, in subject's education, family life; contrast with Queen's sexist discrimination against granddaughter as Med School applicant. Daughter's attendance at Queen's, determined by family loyalty, financial considerations. Queen's campus, 1911-14: 250 female student population, possibility of knowing everyone. Shock of gas and oil lighting in 'Old Residence', Earl Street, after Ottawa electricity. Acquaintance with future husband in tiny Queen's office shared by 8 mathematics instructors. Etta Newlands, female math instructor at Queen's during 1890s; increase in female employees at Queen's following WWI years, Charlotte Whitton era. 1976/77 as first year Queen's female freshman (54%) have outnumbered men. Candlelighting ceremony, dated back to period between 1914 and 1921. Levana Society as far more active than Arts Society male counterpart; Levana disciplinary Council. Alumnae Association's women's residence fund drive, organised by active Ottawa members (Marty, Muir, Shortt): clock system of contributions, rummage sales. Organisation of general Alumni Association. Residence Fund Treasurers Miss Redden, May Chown. Aletta Marty, 'the most important person I ever met': exceptional abilities as French tutor; concern for women's higher education, women's place in society; recall by Queen's for Ban Righ sod-turning ceremony, honorary degree; death on return from Africa; Alumnae Marty Scholarship fund. Technical job, Topographical Surveys Dept., Ottawa, till 1921. Jeanne LeCaine Agnew, Queen's math grad, employed by McGill for WWII bomb research; frustrating restriction on early writings as classified information, thus unpublishable. Subject's return to Queen's for post-war celebrations: return of Grant Hall to university by army; huge convocation exercises; employment by Queen's Math Dept., hard-pressed to staff veteran-packed engineering courses. Sudden retirement from executive work; previous extensive involvement (past President) with Queen's Alumnae. Role of Alumnae apart from General Alumni Association; blow felt by Levana Society merger with Arts and Science Society. Alumnae role advancing women for executive positions. Admiration, dubious regard, for Charlotte Whitton; Whitton as subject of excellent radio programme; horror at Kay Whitton's comments on Charlotte. Omission of Whitton Hall ('I fear it was on purpose') on Queen's campus. Social evenings in Grant Hall. Drinking on campus as reported fact, never personally witnessed. Residence rules, 'made to be broken'; comparative boarding-house freedom. Subject's Math major, Physics minor; lecture/lab hours. Adequacy of Grant Hall for Convocation purposes; present-day arena-capacity requirements. Annexation of private houses for residence purposes; Observatory building used by Math students. Side Two is a recording of Catherine Campbell. Topics of the conversation include position as Chief Social Worker, Children's Section, Clarke Institute (Toronto), since 1966; 15 years' previous work with Toronto Psychiatric Hospital. Initial high proportion of children patients giving way to high proportion of adolescents. Recent shift within multi-disciplined Institute to cross­discipline expansion, based on specialist's desire to broaden role. Subject's original home in Weston, Ont.; juggled high school education due to crowding difficulties, quibbling over Toronto area boundaries. Attendance at Queen's, encouraged by family situation: responsibilities on farm too great after mother's death, family insistence that subject escape home pressures. Education as family priority, concern of musically-educated mother; freedom to choose place of study despite financial considerations. Queen's general Arts programme, subject's Psychology major. Enjoyment of Queen's: women students (300) as 25% of student population; participation in baseball team. Leanings toward social work encouraged by summer camp employment, influential Public Health aunt who praised social work, discouraged nursing. Lack of Sociology faculty at Queen's, extra course required for entrance to U of T MSW programme 10 years later. Position with Children's Aid (1947-9), 'great fun': working out of Timmins to Hearst, James Bay; colourful temporary child abandonment case, regular abandonment of children during blueberry-picking season. Interlude of marriage, period of psychometrical work in Toronto schools, 1937-47. Transfer to Toronto Psychiatric Hospital(government institute),1949; transfer to Clarke Institute (private board), 1966. Effect of financial cutbacks on subject's work: staff decrease from 9 to 3 since 1966; less administrative work, some teaching, more clinical duties. Change in patient problems: 1949-66 mostly neurotic cases (i.e. isolated character problem) from middle class, 2-parent families; since 1966, largely multi-problem cases (involving total character, more difficult to analyse) from single-parent families; wider class spread since OHIP subsidy. Upsurge in multi-problem patients perhaps related to upsurge in child-psychology specialists dealing with neurotic difficulties. Difficulties faced by single parents, single-parent offspring; problems caused by pressure on women to take outside work. Subject's training, sense of humour, as aids to perspective; ability to be compassionate at work, shed problems before going home. Enjoyment of many interests, hobbies; domestic responsibility for 90-year-old aunt. Friendships in and out offield, particularly with Timmins people and Queen's grad Martha Sheppard. Division of working women into three groups: bright, educated, professional women who want to work and therefore should; secretarial-level workers who often wish not to work, feel they must, yet can't afford acceptable mother­substitutes, and therefore shouldn't work; mothers who find children trying and need work as a reassurance of personal adequacy. Opinion that children need one-to-one care till at least age two. Younger Clarke workers' affinity with adolescent patients, helpful so long as they don't over-identify; subject's preference for child-patient work. Clarke day­treatment programme for children up to twelve.