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The land registry system was set up in Upper Canada under John Graves Simcoe through An Act for the Public Registering of Deeds, Conveyances, Wills and Other Incumbrances which shall be made or may affect any Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments within the Province (35 Geo.III c.5, 37 Geo.III c.8, and 58 Geo.III c.3) in 1795. A subsequent revision to these acts through An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Registry Laws of that part of this Province which was formerly Upper Canada (9 Vic. c.34) required the establishment of separate registers for each village, township, town and city.

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The Land Boards for the Hesse, Nassau, Luneburg and Mecklenburg Districts were established in 1789 to grant certificates of location to the early settlers in what shortly became the province of Upper Canada. The Boards were formally abolished in 1794, when the procedures for the management of land grants came under centralized control through the Executive Council Office.

In response to the difficulties accumulating, the Ontario government set up a quasi-judicial commission to review and settle land claims, know as the Heir and Devisee Commission. Its purpose was to settle hereditary claims on unpatented land. In fact, there were two Commissions, the first sat from 1797 to 1804 and the second from 1805 to 1911, although the bulk of its work was over by 1890. Each claimant had to produce evidence for the claim: wills, commissions, affidavits, etc. which can be very descriptive of families and individuals.

Oyer and Terminer is the name of a court authorized to hear and determine all treasons, felonies and misdemeanors; and, generally, invested with other power in relation to the punishment of offenders. Commissions of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery were issued to the senior judiciary, generally one or more of the Justices or Judges of the Court(s) of King's/Queen's Bench, sometimes along with senior Justices of the Peace. Members of the Courts were usually referred to as Commissioners.
In Upper Canada the jurisdiction of the courts were generally specified by the commissions that established them. In the case of Courts of Oyer and Terminer it extended in practice to all major pending criminal cases for a particular district that were not under the usual jurisdiction of the Courts of Quarter Sessions of the Peace. This meant that the Courts had the same criminal jurisdiction as the Court(s) of King's Bench, and were effectively extensions of the criminal terms of the latter. During the Rebellions of 1837-38, an 1838 ordinance allowed the governor to establish special Courts of Oyer and Terminer where no Courts of King's Bench were in operation, with jurisdiction over high treason, misprision (concealment) of high treason, treasonable practices, sedition, arson, and murder, committed in any district.

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