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Geology was first taught at Queen's University at Kingston in 1858, by Dr George Lawson, Professor of Chemistry and Natural History. The first specialist in geology at the University was Robert Bell, who arrived at Queen's in 1861. When the Ontario School of Mining and Agriculture was established in 1893, it included separate departments of Geology and Mineralogy, headed by Professors Willet Miller and William Nicol, both of whom have major buildings at Queen's named in their honour. The two departments moved from Carruthers Hall to Ontario Hall in 1903, and subsequently to Miller Hall in 1930. The large Bruce Wing was added to Miller Hall in 1972. The Department of Geological Sciences was formed in 1950, when Geology and Mineralogy amalgamated. The Department has a long tradition of research in the fields of mineralogy-petrology, structural geology, and the geology of mineral deposits, along with research in sedimentary geology and geophysics. It is administered by the Faculty of Arts and Science, but offers undergraduate programs in both Arts and Science and the Faculty of Applied Science; in the latter, it offers a program in Geological Engineering with options in mineral exploration, geotechnical engineering, and geophysics. The Department also has one of the largest graduate programs at Queen's, as well as being one of the biggest geology departments in Canada.

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The School of Mining and Agriculture, established in 1893, was designed to provide Queen's with an engineering faculty. The provincial government was not permitted to provide Queen's with any funding as long as it was a denominational university, which it remained until 1912. But Principal George Munro Grant, and Premier Oliver Mowat (son of one of Queen's founders and brother of one of its senior professors), got around this technicality by establishing the provincially-supported School as an independent institution. Sharing the newly-built Carruthers Hall, as well as its professors with Queen's Faculty of Applied Science, that latter was deliberately founded at the same time.

The School of Mining and Agriculture opened in 1893, and the faculty was created in 1894, with Nathan Dupuis as its first Dean. There was some dispute about what to name the new faculty, and, although it was officially called the Faculty of Applied Science, it was usually referred to as the Faculty of Practical Science (then the most common term elsewhere) in its early years. The School of Mining vanished from the campus scene in 1916, when it and the faculty united to become the Faculty of Applied Science. In 1993, the Faculty celebrated its Centennial Anniversary.

After Arts and Science, the Faculty of Applied Science is the second largest on campus, with close to 4600 students at the undergraduate level. Its students have long been known for their boisterous faculty spirit and are easily identified on campus by their dyed purple leather jackets.

In March 2010, and upon the formal approval of the University Senate, the name of the Faculty of Applied Science was changed to the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science. In the words of the Dean, Kimberley Woodhouse, "by including [the word] 'Engineering' in our name, we more accruately reflect what we do and who we are."

This Faculty traces its origins to Queen's Royal Charter of 1841, which declared that the University would both train students as Presbyterian ministers and instruct youth "in the various branches in Science and Literature." In the University's first 30 or 40 years, however, there was no hard and fast distinction between arts and theology, and professors taught in both faculties.
Queen's first two professors, the Rev Thomas Liddell and the Rev Peter Colin Campbell, initiated the Arts and Science curriculum with courses in three subjects: Classics, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy (the Victorian term for Natural Science). By the end of the 19th century, the faculty also offered courses in Chemistry, English, French, German, History, Philosophy, Physics, Political and Economic Science (since divided into Economics and Political Studies), and Psychology.
Today, the Faculty offers a broad range of undergraduate degree programs in the sciences, social sciences, humanities, fine arts, and languages.

This is one of the oldest, as well as one of the newest faculties at Queen's. It was first founded in 1860, but closed down for financial reasons in 1864. It was revived for another three years in the 1880s, but did not become a permanent fixture at the University until 1957, when the Law Society of Upper Canada decentralized the teaching of law in Ontario, allowing lawyers to be taught in institutions other than Osgoode Hall in Toronto. Queen's Principal, William Mackintosh, was a leader of the campaign to convince the Law Society to change its rules, arguing that universities could offer a more varied and wider understanding of law. Vice-Principal (later Principal) James Corry was the first Acting Dean, followed by William Lederman, the first permanent Dean. Corry took on some teaching duties, with Professors Daniel Soberman (LLD'08) and Stewart Ryan (LLD'91) as the faculty's only full-time academic staff for the first class of 24 students. In 2008, the faculty changed its LLB (Bachelor of Laws) designation to a JD (Juris Doctor) designation to align itself with international universities. It also offers a Masters of Law (LL.M) and PhD programs through the School of Graduate Studies.

The School of Medicine was established in 1854, as the Faculty of Medicine, after more than a decade of effort by Queen's officials to add a medical school to the young University. It began in a small limestone house at 75 Princess Street, soon thereafter moving to Summerhill, where the rest of the University was located. In 1858, it moved into the first permanent building that Queen's built for itself: the Old Medical Building. But in 1866, the Faculty split from the University after medical professors protested against having to make a public declaration of Presbyterian faith. The Faculty became the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston, which retained a loose affiliation with the University. The RCPSK eventually reunited with Queen's in 1892 in order to share resources and expertise.

The faculty grew enormously in the 20th century, evolving into one of Canada's premier centres for medical research as well as teaching. In recent decades, the most important development in medical education was the establishment in the 1960s of the Kingston Health Sciences Centre, which brought the Faculty of Medicine and the School of Nursing together with local hospitals to provide cooperative facilities for exemplary patient care, research, and training. Planning for a nursing program at Queen's began in 1941 The first students were admitted in the Fall of 1942 and the first Director of the School of Nursing was appointed in 1946. In 1979, the School of Rehabilitation Therapy, originally a stand alone unit, became part of the Faculty.

In 1998, the School of Medicine and School of Rehabilitation Therapy were joined by the School of Nursing to become the current Faculty of Health Sciences. The Faculty of Health Sciences forms the academic core of the Academic Health Sciences Centre and as part of the Health Care Network of Southeastern Ontario. Academic programs are based on campus but are distributed throughout southeastern Ontario's health care facilities. Academic programs are based on campus but are distributed throughout affiliations with Quinte Healthcare Corporation, Lakeridge Hospital, Peterborough, Perth, Brockville, Weeneebayko (Moose Factory) amongst many other sites. The innovative Alternative Funding Plan (AFP), a contractual agreement of SEAMO and the Ministry of Health & Long-Term Care and the Ministry of Community & Social Services provides stable funding for the delivery of research, education and extensive tertiary , secondary and some primary care in a region of over one million people.

The Faculty offers programs in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, undergraduate education in Physical and Occupational Therapy and graduate education in Rehabilitation Science, undergraduate and postgraduate education in Nursing, including the Nurse Practitioner Program, graduate education in the Life Sciences, and collaborative programs in Respiratory Therapy and in X-Ray Technology.