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Under Rev. John Stuart, father of the Anglican Church in Upper Canada, a small wooden edifice was constructed in 1791. In the beginning, seven families made up the congregation of St. George's Church. In 1825 construction was begun on a stone building that, consecrated three years later, replaced the first St. George's Church. The original building served for some time as a school house. In 1900 it was torn down. When the Diocese of Ontario was formed in 1862, St. George's Church became the Cathedral. In 1870 St. George's Hall was added and a dome erected in 1891. On New Year's day, 1899 the interior of the Cathedral was destroyed by fire. The Cathedral was re-constructed in eighteen months.

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The Treaty of Paris in 1783 established the St. Croix River as the boundary between New Brunswick and the United States, and by the fifth article in Jay's Treaty of 1794, a commission was established to clarify which of two rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay was the St. Croix. Governor Wentworth of Nova Scotia recommended Thomas Barclay as the British Commissioner, and the negotiations ended successfully for the British in 1798 with the most western river, the St. Croix, being established as the boundary. At the end of the War of 1812, the issue of the international boundary between New Brunswick and the United States surfaced again, and it was Thomas Barclay who was appointed once more as the British Commissioner under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent. Ward Chipman served again as the British agent. The Commission dealt with two issues: the ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay, which they agreed upon in 1817, and the extension of the border from the source of the St. Croix River to the St. Lawrence River. When agreement could not be reached, the latter issue was submitted to the King of the Netherlands for arbitration. In 1831, he issued his decision, which was not accepted by either parties, and the final settlement did not come until 1842 with the Webster-Asburton Treaty. Thomas Barclay's participation in the second boundary commission was his last act of public service. Anthony Barclay (1792-1877), son of Thomas Barclay, also participated in the second boundary commission.

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The St. Andrew's Society of Kingston was founded in 1840, as an essentially Scottish charitable organization. It was formed at a time in Kingston when other such benevolent societies as the English St. George's Society and the Irish St. Patrick's Society were being formed. Membership, as prescribed by their 1896 constitution, was open to all Scotsmen and their descendants. The Society retained the name and symbol of St. Andrew, patron saint of Scotland. The prime intent of the Society was to afford assistance to fellow Scots, who were quite often part of the large flow of Scottish lowlanders who left Scotland after 1815 as the industrial revolutioin took its toll. The St. Andrew's Society also served to help retain Scottish customs, institutions and heritage. The Society's greatest event was its annual St. Andrew's Day celebration held on November 30. Members of the Society were a prominent part of the Kingston community. For the most part members were employed as professionals or businessmen and were generally Presbyterian. In the post 1945 era, the St. Andrew's Society has continued to thrive, largely to maintain Scottish heritage in the community.

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In 1818, King George III granted to the Scottish Presbyterians in Kingston, Ontario a deed for one acre of land on Clergy Street, between Store Street and Grave Street (now Princess Street and Queen Street). In 1820, St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church was built on the site. In 1822, St. Andrew’s was opened to the public. The first minister was the Rev. John Barclay, who died in 1826. He was replaced by the Rev. Dr. John Machar, who was the minister at St. Andrew’s until his death in 1863. His successor, the Rev. William Maxwell Ingleis, served as minister until his retirement in 1871; he was replaced in 1874 by the Rev. Thomas G. Smith.

As Kingston evolved from a town into a city during the 1830s, the congregation of St. Andrew’s grew. A notable project of the Kingston Presbyterian community in the mid-nineteenth century was the founding in 1839 of Queen’s University. Also of note is the fact that Canada’s first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, was a member of St. Andrew’s during his years in Kingston.

The growth of St. Andrew’s, however, was not altogether smooth; the Disruption of 1843 in Scotland caused a rift in St. Andrew’s in Kingston. Members of the congregation left St. Andrew’s in 1844 to form what would become the Chalmers Free Presbyterian Church (now the Chalmers United Church). In 1888, St. Andrew’s was destroyed by a fire; it was rebuilt at the same location in 1889. The Rev. John Mackie, the fifth minister of St. Andrew’s, was appointed in 1885 and saw St. Andrew’s into the twentieth century. He resigned in 1911 and died in 1929, a Minister Emeritus, in Coonoor, India. The Rev. S.J. Moore Compton was minister from 1912 to 1915. Members of the Church served in the Great War, and a memorial service and Dedication of Church Windows was held in their honour in 1919. In 1916, the Rev. John W. Stephen became the minister of St. Andrew's. He resigned in 1939 and was replaced by the Rev. J. Forbes Wedderburn, the eighth minister of St. Andrew's. Members of the congregation served in the Second World War, and in 1946 a ceremony was held in their honour. In 1957, Rev. Wedderburn died; he was replaced in 1958 by the Rev. Max V. Putnam, who resigned in 1976 to accept a position at the Scots Presbyterian Church in Melbourne, Australia. He was succeeded by the Rev. William F. Duffy in 1976. In 1987, the Rev. Lincoln Bryant was inducted into St. Andrew’s as assistant minister; in 1996, upon Rev. Duffy’s retirement, Rev. Bryant became the eleventh minister of St. Andrew’s Church.

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